LYSOSOMES

Lysosomes are produce by golgi apparatus. They are spherical, small (0.2-0.5 µm) sacs covered by a singl...

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ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

The endoplasmic reticulum is a membranous system which is continuous with the outer nuclear membrane and scattered extensively in the cell. It forms an intra cellular transport system and a cytoplasmic skeleton. There are 2 distinct types of ER ...

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NUCLEUS

Eukaryotic cell have double membrane bounded except for mature mammalian erytrhocytes and phloem sieve tubes element. Prokaryotic cell do not hav...

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CELL WALL

In plants the plasma membrane is surrounded by a rigid cellulose cell wall which determine the shape of the cell, that protect  and support the plant cell. The cell wall have pits. These pits enabl...

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PLASMA MEMBRANE

All cell are covered by a thin plasma membrane which separated the cell conten from the extra cellular environment. Eukaryotic cells have membrane bounded organelles. The plasma membrane and the organelle membrane have the same basic structure. In 1972, S.J. Singer and G.L. Nicolson propose...

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ANIMAL AND PLANT CELL

Animal cell An animal cell seen with a light microscope contains protoplasm surrounded by a thin plasma menbrane. Each cell has a relatively large central nucleus surrounded by cytoplasm. The nucleus contain coiled threads called chromatin, Chromatin contain DNA and protein called histones which together condense to form chromosomes during cell division. DNA carries geneti...

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AMAZING FACT

Can bacteria prevent the spread of malaria? Michigan State University researchers have shown that the bacteria Wolbachia can actually prevent the transmission of malaria to humans by protecting mosquitoes from the malaria parasite. The researchers developed a strain of mosquitoes that were infected with Wolbachia bacteria. These mosquitoes transmitted the bacteria to the entire mosquito population providing protection against the malaria...

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Species Indigenous

Researchers have discovered two new spider species in an area in China known for its giant panda population. These miniature orb-weaving spiders are less than 2 mm in length and live in obscure places such as in caves, moss, and moist leaf litter. Due to their size, these eight-eyed creatures are among the least studied spiders of their kind. The spiders were discovered in the Sichuan and Chongqing regions. Spiders from the Mysmenidae...

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CELL

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PROTEIN

14.00 Proteins are organic macro molecule found in all living organism. They are polymers formed form condensation of amino acids joined by peptide linkings and have the molecular weight of the chain that exceeds 10 000. Proteins contain the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Many protein also contain sulphur and phosphorus. AMINO ACIDS An amino acid contains a basic amino group (-NH2) an acidic carboxyl group (-COOH) a hydrogen atom and a R group are covalently linked to the same carbon atom. The R group...

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OSTEOSARCOMA

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